Rice yeast rice is fermented with a mold called Monascus purpureus and has been used in Chinese medicine for centuries. Scientists have long established that red yeast rice contains a natural form of statin.
Statins, which control the first step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, have been shown to stimulate bone formation in rodents both in vitro and in vivo. The effect is associated with an increased expression of the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene in bone cells.
The present study done at the University of Hong Kong, rabbits with bone defects created to their parietal bones were grafted with collagen matrix mixed with red yeast rice extract. In the control animal, two defects were grafted with collagen matrix alone.
In the control group, cells were cultured for three durations (24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours) without any intervention. In the red yeast rice group, cells were cultured for the same durations with various concentrations of red yeast rice extract. Total protein, mitochondrial activity and bone cell formation were measured.
As a result, the test animal showed more formation of new bone in the defects than the control animal. The red yeast rice extract stimulated new bone formation in bone defects on the animals and increased bone cell formation in vitro.
The researchers explained that red yeast rice contains monacolins which are a family of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Moreover, monacolin K is equivalent to the statin known as mevinolin or lovastatin. It is the function of the statin in red yeast rice that promotes bone formation.
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