Rubra (Pad ma ra ga)
This is an oxygenated jewel, belonging to corundum, its chemical formula being A1203. Its color varies with the content of oxygenated constituent, so that, when there is 0.1-3% of oxygenated aluminum, it is red. It may appear in pink, purplish red or scarlet. The best color is pigeon blood red, produced in Myanmar. The crystals are in cylindrical shape. Its hardness is 9, relative density 3.97-4.05. It appears red under ultraviolet rays.
Indication: leprosy, schizophrenia, epilepsy and apoplexy.
Sapphire (Ain dra ni' la)
Also an oxygenated jewel, its crystal reveals a short-square biconical shape,
chemical formula A1203. It has different colors of white, yellow (containing nickel), green (containing iron and chromium), blue (containing iron, titanium), and jade-green (containing vanadium). Its hardness is 9, relative density 3.99-4.1.
Those produced in Sri Lanka and Kashmir reveal red or orange fluorescence under long-wave ultraviolet light. A common sapphire doesn't reveal any fluorescence. It is also produced in Liuhe County of Jiangsu Province.
Indication: all sorts of devil disorders.
Star Sapphire (Baidurya)
With a chemical formula of A1203, it is blue in color with a little pink or
grayish blue and is mainly produced in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Australia.
Indication: all sorts of devil disorders.
Rose Beryl (Nal)
A kind of Aquamarium, it has a curved surface like a ball, the chemical formula being Be3A1 [Si6018]. Generally, it is red in color, but when it contains cesium and lithium, it appears peach red or rose red. When it contains manganese, it is called bixbitum, relative density being 2.7-2.9, hardness 7.5. It has a conspicuous double-color: pink-deep blue. It is produced in Xinjiang, and in Madacascar and Brazil.
Indication: clearing heat, treating liver diseases and food poisoning.
Diamond (Rdo rje pa lam)
A natural jewel formed under high pressure and high temperature. It is called adamas in Latin with C as its chemical formula. Its appearance is a rectangular twelve-facet crystal. Commonly seen as colorless, light yellow, light blue. Colorless and transparent ones are better. Those in concentrated red, blue, green, golden yellow are also called a "gorgeous diamond." Its hardness is 10, and is resistant to both corrosion and scratching; relative density 3.47-3.55. Although distributed worldwide, the product from South Africa is especially famous. The largest diamond in China weighs 31.75g.It is used to treat "three devils," or disharmony of dung, mkhris pa, and badkan.
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